图式理论与高中英语阅读教学

图式理论是认知心理学中用来解释心理过程的一种理论模式。文章通过分析图式理论与英语阅读教学的关系,着重论述了图式理论在高中英语阅读教学中的实际应用。     

对欠发达地区货币传导扭曲的实证分析

我国货币政策对生产活动的影响主要通过银行贷款渠道.1997年央行从松货币政策的措施实施以来,全国与西北贷款规模相对差异的拉大、投资规模相对差异的缩小及资本形成率差异增大.本文以银行贷款渠道为例对西北地区货币政策传导进行分析,得出货币政策效果差异的直接原因是特定的基础货币投放机制和西北地区过度的信贷萎缩,根本原因在于西北地区经济基础差,投资收益率低,商业银行机构撒并和信贷策略调整,民间投资不足等因素.     

西部欠发达地区城市化进程的经济动因分析

工业化是城市化的根本源动力,城乡收入真实的差异和能否在城市获得稳定收入是人口形成乡--城流动的经济动因,而产业集聚是推动城市化进程和促进区域发展的内生经济动因.在非均衡的大国经济发展中,城市化进程也由于地区间的差异呈现出非均衡性.从欠发达地区城市化进程的经济动因的理论和实证分析都表明,我国西部欠发达地区城市化进程中出现"滞后城市化"、"教育滞后"、"经营城市过度"等偏差现象.     

A股与H股价格差异的影响因素分析

本文选取了在A股和H股市场上发行的前十大股票,通过观察其在两个市场上的不同发行价,在考虑到两个市场近乎独立分割的大背景下,指出两者间价差存在的影响因素主要在于市场流动性、定价基础和风险性这三个方面。     

Gibbs posterior inference on value-at-risk

ABSTRACT

Accurate estimation of value-at-risk (VaR) and assessment of associated uncertainty is crucial for both insurers and regulators, particularly in Europe. Existing approaches link data and VaR indirectly by first linking data to the parameter of a probability model, and then expressing VaR as a function of that parameter. This indirect approach exposes the insurer to model misspecification bias or estimation inefficiency, depending on whether the parameter is finite- or infinite-dimensional. In this paper, we link data and VaR directly via what we call a discrepancy function, and this leads naturally to a Gibbs posterior distribution for VaR that does not suffer from the aforementioned biases and inefficiencies. Asymptotic consistency and root-n concentration rate of the Gibbs posterior are established, and simulations highlight its superior finite-sample performance compared to other approaches.     

我国生产力布局差异实证分析

我国东西部地区之间经济差距的增大 ,将成为我国经济发展和社会稳定的主要障碍。文章对我国生产力布局差异及差异形成的原因进行了实证分析 ,目的在于吸取东部地区发展经验的同时 ,能为开发大西部制定出更好的政策作准备。     

区域经济差异理论对民族地区经济协调发展的启示

经济理论的终极目的并非总结和发现规律,而是用于指导经济发展实践。东中西地带差异过大,已是不争之事实,但西部地区尤其是西部民族地区内部经济差异却极少受到应有的重视,我们应当在此类特殊经济差异显著扩大之前就未雨绸缪,事先做好调控才能避免“一波未平,一波又起”的被动局面。通过对经典区域经济差异理论的研究和分析,我们能从中发现一些有利于民族地区经济协调发展的启示。     

交通基础设施空间建设差异化影响了中国经济增长吗--基于2001-2011年中国31个省（市、自治区）数据的实证分析

在考虑交通基础设空间网络布局特性基础上,利用2001—2011年中国省级数据和空间计量研究方法,从直接效应和空间外部效应两个层面研究了交通基础设施空间建设差异化对中国经济增长的影响。结果表明：中国交通基础设施在地理空间上已然形成了三类稳固的差异化集群;虽然交通基础设施建设对区域经济增长有着显著的正向效应,但是受其自身空间建设差异化对经济增长负向效应影响,其对经济增长应有的促进效应未能全部体现。虽然交通基础设施空间建设差异化存在显著的空间负外部效应,不过该效应正在逐年减弱。扩大交通基础设施覆盖面与提升交通基础设施存量两者对经济增长都有着相近的正向弹性,不过前者的实际操作成本要明显低于后者。     

The impact of external reference price on consumer price expectations

Comparative pricing practices are frequently used where actual product prices are accompanied by higher external reference prices. All types of stores, regular-price department stores as well as discount stores, use comparative price claims to frame price deals as attractive [Marketing Science 4 (1985) 199]. In this paper, a quadratic model is specified for the impact of external reference price (ERP) on consumer price expectations. Based on the research on communication discrepancy and advertising claim discrepancy, which in turn draw on assimilation-contrast, attribution, and prospect theories, we hypothesize a quadratic effect of external reference prices on consumer price expectations. An interactive, computer-controlled experiment using multiple levels of ERP is used to estimate the proposed model. As hypothesized, support for an inverted U-shape relationship is found between consumers’ updated price expectations and the difference between ERP and initial price expectations. That is, as the difference between ERP and subjects’ initial price expectations increases, subjects’ updated price expectations increase to a point and then start to decrease. We find that the fit of the quadratic model specification for the effect of external reference price on price expectations is noticeably superior to that of linear, logarithmic, square root, and S-shaped specifications. Finally, we provide implications of our results for both retail managers and for regulatory authorities alike.     

Towards a schematic theory of entrepreneurial alertness

This article is an investigation into Kirzner's concept of entrepreneurial alertness — its mechanism and its antecedents. By drawing from decision theory and schema theory, a model is developed to show how changes in the environment are mediated by entrepreneurial alertness and brought to the situated attention of entrepreneurs for evaluation. Entrepreneurial alertness is seen to be the application of unique schemata that allow the entrepreneur to impute meaning to environmental change that would not be imputed by other managers. It is argued that the alertness that allows entrepreneurs to see opportunity where others do not arises from differences in schematic richness, schematic association, and schematic priming. These three antecedents may therefore form a basis on which enhanced entrepreneurial alertness can be developed.